Tjqyq w;g wiqjk iEu fohlskau oud .i;s' lE flda .i;s' tys lsisÿ w¾:hla f;areï .; fkdyel' l,n,fhka fjr< ;Srfha ta fï w; Èj h;s' m<d h;s' h<s t;s' h<s ieÛj isáhs'ld,j¾K Wi fliÛ ñksiqka iy .eyekqka
ksrej;sks' lsisjl=f.a isref¾ jia;%hla ke;' fï wÈka jir 20"000 g 30"000 g fmr isá ñksia iuQyhla fkdfõ' j¾;udk f,dalfha Ôj;ajk wfmau jQ ñksiqkah'
tfia jqj o Tjqka wm ish¨ fokdf.ka fjkia ù isáhs' ta bkaÈhka id.rfha Y%S ,xldjg Bidk È.ska fnx.d, fndlafla msysá l=vd ¥m;l uq¿ f,dalfhkau yqol,d ùfuks' f,dal is;shïj, l=vd ;s;la fuka oelafjk W;=re fikaák,a ¥m; Tjqkaf.a jdi NQñhhs'
fy,sfldmagrhla my;ska .shfyd;a fï ñksiqka lE .ikafka;a wx. p,kfhka lshkafka;a wms fuys isákjd" Tn fu;ekg wjYH ke;” hkakhs' Tjqyq .=jka kshuqjkag B;, myr úÈhs' wk;=rla isÿ fkdjqj o we;eï úgl th udrdka;sl m%ydrhla úh yelsh'
02)page1)S2)5
uqyqo fof.dv;,d .sh iqkdñfhka ñ,shk .Kkla ñksiqka úm;g m;afjoa§ uy uqyqo ueo msysá fï l=vd ¥mf;a ñksiqka wdrlaIs; jQy' Tjqkag lsisÿ Wmldrhla wjYH jQfha o ke;' mD:sú ;,fha isák wka ljr jQ ñksia fldÜGdihlg;a jvd yqol,dj isák Tjqka wm%sldfjka u;=jQ m<uq ñksidf.ka mej; tkafkda hehs úYajdihla o mj;S' wÈka jir 60"000g muK fmrd;=j isg fudjqka fï l=vd ¥mf;a ;ksù isáhd úh hq;=h'
wkaouka ¥m;a iuQyfha f.da;%slfhda fldf;la isáh o ta lsisÿ f.da;%slhl=f.a NdIdjlg fudjqkaf.a NdIdj iudk fjkafka ke;' Ndú;hka o yeisÍï o iudk jkafka ke;' fï ish,af,ka meyeÈ,s fjkafka wm%sld uyoaùmfha isg f,dalh mqrd kQ;k ñksid ixC%uKh jQ uq,a hq.fha § fï ¥m;g meñK Tjqka yqol,d jkakg we;s njhs'
ta fya;=fjka ndysr f,dalh;a iuÛ lsisÿ iïnkaO;djla fkd;snQ fï ñksiaiq wog o .,a hq.fha ,laIK iys;j Ôj;a fj;s' Tjqkag kQ;k ;dlaIKsl fuj,ï ke;' ÈhqKq NdIduh rgdjla ke;' ixialD;sl ,laIK ÈhqKq ù ke;'
¥mf;a isák ñfkksiqka .ek m¾fhaIK mj;ajd we;af;a b;d iq¿ jYfhks' m¾fhaIlhka fmkajd fokafka Tjqka mQ¾j ksfhd,s;sl hq.hg wh;a wjika udkj fldÜGdih úh hq;= njhs' lsisÿ Èkl ÈhqKq iudc ixialD;Ska iuÛ iïñY%Kh fkdjQ fï f.da;%slfhda ol=Kq wm%sldkqjkaf.a fmkqfuka hqla;h'
Tjqka ñkS uia lk njg u;hla o ;sìKs' thg wdikaku fya;=j jQfha ¥m; wdikakfha uv ll=¿jka we,a,Sug .sh ëjrhka fofokl= urd oeóuhs' rd;%sfha fï ëjrfhda ,Kqjlska .eg .eiQ úYd, .,la Wmfhda.S lrf.k ;u fndaÜgqj kex.=rï ,d fjß u;ska ksod.;ay' kskafoa miqfjoa§ fndaÜgqj Èh myrlg yiqj mdù ¥m; wi,g f.dia we;'
ëjrfhda ;u fndaÜgqj .sf,k nj mjiñka Woõ b,a,d lE .eiqj o tys m%;sM,h jQfha f.da;%sl ñksiqkaf.a m%ydrhg Tjqka f.dÿre ùuhs' wk;=rg m;ajQ fï fndaÜgqj wog o ¥m; wdikakfha .s,S ;sfnkq olakg ,efnhs' fï ëjrhka >d;kh lr Tjqka wdydrhg .kakg we;ehs u;hla ;sìKs'
wk;=rg m;ajQ ëjrhkaf.ka ,enqKq mKsúvhlg wkqj tys .sh bka§h fjr<drlaIl n,ldfha fy,sfldmag¾ hdkhlg o f.da;%slfhda .,aj,ska .iñka B;,j,ska úÈñka m%ydr t,a, l<y' fy,sfldmag¾ hdkfha isá ñksiqka oel we;af;a o fï f.da;%slfhda m%ydr t,a, lsÍfuka wk;=rej .sks ue,hla fj; fõ.fhka Èj .sh njhs'
flfia fj;;a ëjrhka fofokl= urd lEug65 .kakg we;ehs is;d isáh o ñksiqka fofokl= j< oukakg we;ehs is;sh yels j<j,a folla fkd.eUqre uqyqÿ Èfha olakg ,enqKq nj miqj fy<súh' ta fya;=fjka tys isákafka ñkS uia lk f.da;%slhka hehs ;snQ u;h wNsfhda.hg ,lafjhs'
jrla fï ¥m; ne,Sug ;ksju .sh mqoa.,hl=f.a u< isrerla Èk lsysmhlg miq bka§h fjr<drlaIlhka úiska fidhdf.k we;s w;r u< isrer yuqjk wjia:dfõ § ñh.sh mqoa.,hdf.a W.=re oKav lE,s lE,sj,g lmd oud ;snQ nj bka§h fjr<drlaIlfhda mji;s'
¥mf;a isák f.da;%slhka ñkS uia wdydrhg .kafka kï ñh.sh ;eke;a;df.a isrer yuqùug bvla ke;'
j¾. lsf,da ógr 72la muK úYd,;ajfhka hq;= fï l=vd ¥m; >k jkdka;rhlska jeiS mj;S' m¾fhaIlhka úYajdi lrkafka fï ¥mf;a f.da;%slhka 50;a 200;a w;r m%udKhla isáh yels njhs' fldr,amrj,ska jgù we;s ¥mf;a hd;%d f.dvneiaiúh yels ia:dkhla fkdue;s neúka th jvd;a yqol,d jkakg we;ehs o m¾fhaIlhkaf.a u;h ù ;sfí'
¥m; .ek igyka ;enQjka mjikafka 1980 § yd 1990 § fuu ¥m;a jdiSka fndfyda fokl= kQ;k ñksiqka w;ska >d;kh ù we;s njhs' uqyqÿ n;a jQ kejlska fuys meñKs mqoa.,hka Tjqka urd oud we;' fï isÿùu jk;=reu Tjqka f,dalfhka yqol,d ù isá nj m¾fhaIlhkaf.a u;hhs'
flfia fj;;a f.da;%slhl=f.a ü' tka' ta .;a m¾fhaIlhl= tajd mÍlaId lsÍfuka fidhdf.k we;af;a Tjqka wjreÿ 60"000g fmr wm%sldfjka t<shg meñKs kQ;k udkjhkaf.ka mej; tkakka njhs'
wkaouka ¥m;a ish,a, .fõIKh ler we;;a ol=Kq ¥mf;a isg ie;mqï 25la muK wE;ska msysá fï l=vd ¥m; wOHhkhg ,laù ke;' wka ish¨ ¥m;ays jik f.da;%slfhda wkaouka rch iuÛ iïnkaO;d mj;aj;s' tfia jqj o W;=re fikaák,a ¥m;g lsisÿ msgia;rhl= mh ;nd ke;'
bka§h rch fï ¥m; jgd ie;mqï ;=kl ;ykï uqyqÿ iSudjla m%ldYhg m;alr we;' bka§h rch mjikafka fï ¥mf;a isák iajfoaYslhkaf.a wdrlaIdj i|yd ;uka tfia l< njhs'
jir oyia .Kkl mßkdñl C%shdj,sfha § yqol,dj úldYkh jQ fï f.da;%slfhda wfkla ñksia iudchg fndfyda wiudk;d olaj;s' fmare" ngysr memqjd yd n%iS,fha weuika jkdka;rj, Ôj;ajk ndysr f,dalh yd iïnkaOhla ke;s f.da;%sl lKavdhï iuÛ fudjqkaf.a iudklï we;;a fï f.da;%slfhda Tjqkag;a jvd ;j;a w;S; .,a hq.fha Ôjudk idlaIshla nj o m¾fhaIlhkaf.a u;hhs' wfkla f.da;%slfhda we;eï ldrKdj, § ndysr f,dalh iuÛ iïnkaO;d olaj;s'
m¾fhaIlhka mjikafka fikaák,a ¥mf;a isák f.da;%slhkaf.a NdIdj wkaouka ¥m;aj, isák lsisÿ f.da;%sl ckfldgilg f;areï.; fkdyels njhs' thska f;areï.; yels lreKla jkafka fï f.da;%slfhda wkaouka ¥m;aj, isák fiiq f.da;%slhkaf.ka o yqol,d ù jir oi oyia .Kkla .;ù we;s njhs'
fï f.da;%slhka ms<sn| fidhd ne,Sfï C%shdj,sh wdrïN jkafka 1880 j¾Ifha § h' bkaÈhdj flakao%lr.ksñka wkaouka ¥m;a o md,kh f.k .sh ì%;dkHhkaf.a ckmo ks,OdÍka jßka jr wkaouka ¥m;aj,g f.dia tys isá f.da;%slhka iuÛ iïnkaO;d we;slr .ksñka Tjqka o kj YsIaGdpdrhg f.k taug oeä W;aidhl ksr;jQy'
tjeks wjia:djl Tjqkaf.a b,lalh jQfha W;=re fikaák,a ¥m;hs' tys .sh ì%;dkH ks,OdÍka ¥mf;a l|jqre ne|f.k Èk y;rla .; l< o Tjqkag fidhd.; yels jQfha ¥m;ajdiS weúo hd fkdyels ;rug wn, ÿn, jQ uy¿ hqj,la iy orejka y;r fokl= muKs' fï yh fokd o /qf.k Tjqyq bkaÈhdjg meñKshy' ál Èklska irïm frda.hg f.dÿre jQ uy¿ hqj, ñh.shy' ;u kj YsIaGdpdrh ms<sn| fï orejkag w;aoelSï ,nd ÿka ì%;dkHfhda lEu îfuka o Tjqkag ix.%y lr bka wk;=rej ;E.s fnda. o § wdorh lreKdj olajd ¥m;g f.k f.dia wer,jQy'
¥m;g .sh fï <uhs fjr<g nei ;u {d;Ska fidhd jyd m,d .sh o bka miq Èk .Kkla .;jk;=re Tjqka h<s meñKsfha ke;'
ì%;dkHhka ish md,k jd¾;dj, olajd we;af;a f.da;%slhka fj; f.dia lsysm fokl= f.kú;a lkak fndkak § we÷ï o ;E.s fnda. o ,ndÿka miq tjeks <uhska f.da;%sl ñksiqka yd ;uka w;r ióm iïnkaO;d f.dvkexjQ njhs' kuq;a fikaák,a ¥mf;ka f.k .sh <fuda ;jÿrg;a yqol,d jQy' ì%;dkHfhda o fï ¥mf;a isá f.da;%slhka iuÛ iïnkaO;d we;sler .; fkdyelsj ysia w;ska wdmiq wdy' ta ksidu wog o Tjqyq .,a hq.fha Ôj;a fj;s'
bkaÈhdj bka wk;=rej 1967 j¾Ifha § úYd, udkj úoHd;aul ¥; fufyjrl fhfoñka iajfoaYslhka iuÛ iïnkaO;d we;sler .ekSug W;aidy .;a; o Tjqyq h<s le,fha ieÛjqKq nj ta jd¾;dj, olajd we;' tu jHdmD;sfha § m<;=re we;=¿ lEu îu" yÜá uqÜá" ud, j<¨" ma,diaála o%jH" fnda, wd§ foa /qf.k bkaÈhdkq m¾fhaIlhka tys f.dia tajd fjrf<a ;nd n,d isáhy'
bkaÈhdfjka .sh msßi jeäùu ksidfoda myr §ug fkdmeñKs iajfoaYslfhda jkfha ieÛù .shy' Èk lsysmhlska fjr<g meñKs Tjqyq ta ish¿ foa uqyqog úislrñka úkdY ler oeuQy'
1970 § iy 1973 § ¥m;g f.dv niskakg .sh mqoa.,hka B;, m%ydr ksid wdmiq yeÍ meñK nj o i|yka fjhs' 1970 oYlfha § fï ¥mf;a f.da;%slhka weiqre lsÍfï wruqKska .sh mqoa.,hka fndfyda fokl= B;, m%ydrfhka ;=jd, ,nd fyda urKhg m;aj ;snQ nj o mejfia'
1975 § keIk,a ðfhda.%*s wdh;kfha wOHlaIjrhl= f.da;%slhka iïnkaO jd¾;d jevigykla ieliSug tys .sh wjia:dfõ § B;, m%ydrhlg ,lajQfhah' bka ;=jd, ,enQ Tyq wdmiq meñKsfha ish woyi fjkialrñks'
wÈka jir 20g fmr tkï 1995 § bkaÈhdfõ udkj úoHd uydpd¾hjrhl= jQ g%hsf,dalskd;a mKaä;a uy;d fï f.da;%slhka iuÛ ishqï f,i iïnkaO;d mj;ajd.ekSug oeä W;aidyhl ksr; jQfhah' th hï ;rulg id¾:l jQ nj mejfia'
uydpd¾hjrhd ks;r ks;r tys hñka Tjqkaf.a B;, m%ydr u.yßñka Tjqkag wjYjkq we;ehs is;+ f,day j¾. yd fmd,a jeks o%jH Tjqkag ;Hd. jYfhka ,nd §ug lghq;= lf<ah' jir .Kkdjla ;siafia áflka ál Tjqkag ióm jQ uydpd¾hjrhdg ;u isref¾ we;s we÷ï Wkd oeóug mjd f.da;%slhka bv ÿkafkah' Tyq iajfoaYslhkaf.a ixialD;sh yd iïnkaOùug .;a W;aidyfha § isÿjQ w,dNhka yd iajfoaYShhkaf.a wkkH;dj ;yjqre lsÍfï wjYH;dj u; bkaÈhdkq rch fï ¥m; wjg lsf,da ógr 3la olajd uqyqÿ m%udKh we;=¿ iuia: m%foaYhu ;ykï l,dmhla njg m;alrk ,§'
wkaouka ¥m;aj, Ôj;ajQ wfkla f.da;%slhka ndysr iudch iuÛ iïnkaO;d we;sler .ekSfuka miqj úkdY ù f.dia we;s wdldrh ie,lSfï § bkaÈhdj .;a fï ;SrKh b;d ldf,daÑ; nj f,dj mqrd udkj úoHd{hkaf.a woyihs' ¥m; wdikakfha mshdir lrk fy,sfldmag¾ hdkd u.ska .kakd ,o ùäfhda o¾Yk yd PqdhdrEmj,ska meyÈ,s fjkafka fudjqka ksrej;ska Èú f.jk ld,j¾K b;d fi!LH iïmkak yd Yla;su;a ck fldÜGdihla njhs'
Tjqyq ud¿" leianEjqka" lgqiaika" l=vd l=re,a,ka we;=¿ ovhï l< yels ish¿ i;=ka urd lk nj;a fmd,a yd jk M, Tjqkaf.a wdydrhg tlaj we;s nj;a m¾fhaIlfhda lsh;s' m¾fhaIlhka mjikafka fï f.da;%slfhda B;, i|yd wjYH f,day ,nd.kakg we;af;a uqyqÿ n;ajQ keõ j,ska njhs'
fï f.da;%slhka msÿre fyda fld< w;= fiú<s l< me,am;a jeks ksjdij, Ôj;ajkafka hehs m¾fhaIlfhda úYajdi lr;s' Tjqka mjikafka l=vd Èhlvk iE§ug fudjqkag yelshdj we;s njhs' tfukau tlsfkldf.a Wl=,au; b|.ksñka wmQre wdpdr C%uhla wkq.ukh lrk nj;a msgqmi yeÍ tla whl=f.a ;Ügïj,g wfkla mqoa.,hdf.a ;Ügï joaojñka .S .hñka isák nj;a ksÍlaIKh ler we;'
2004 j¾Ifha iqkdñfhka fï f.da;%slhka Èú .,jd.ekSu mqÿu iy.;h' ld,.=Kfha fjkiaùï iïnkaOfhka fudjqka i;=j we;s .=ma; yelshdjka ta i|yd m%fhdackj;a jkakg we;ehs o u;hla mj;S' hï mdrïmßl {dkhlska iqkdñ wk;=r iïnkaOfhka l,a;shd oek Wia m%foaYj,g ù isákakg we;ehs o m¾fhaIlhkaf.a u;hhs'
jir 60000l muK ld,hl isg yqol,d ù mßkdñlj ñksiqka f,i ÈhqKq jqj o ixialD;sl ÈhqKqjla fkd,enQ fï wmQ¾j;u f.da;%sl ckhd ;jÿrg;a kùk f,dalh iu. iïñY%Kh fkdlr Tjqkag Tjqkaf.a mdvqfõ isàug bv§u jvd;a iqÿiqhehs udkj úoHd{fhda lsh;s'
