ඉතිහාස ‍පොතේ ලියැවුණු වික්ටෝරියානුවන්ගේ විස්මිත පෙම්කතා

fmr<d meñKs merKs fmu cela uelaflkd yg ffojh i,lk ,oafoa b;d wldreKsl f,ih" Tyqf.a ìßh Tyqf.a fyd|u ñ;=rd iu. wefußldjg m,d .sh w;r Tyqf.a tlu ÈhKsh WK frda.fhka frda.d;=r ù ñh mrf,dj .shdh' wjidkfha§ uelaflkdo jix.; WK frda.hg f.dÿre ù urKdikak ;;a;ajhg m;ajQfha lsisfjl=f.a yõyrKla fkdue;sj wka; wirK brKulg uqyqK foñks' l=ig wyrla .ekSug fyda j;alula fkd;snQ Tyq frda.S Ndjfhka yd oßo%;dfjka ñßlS isáfha urKfha t<sm;a; u;h' wjidkfha§ ffojh Tyqg ldreKsl;ajh olajkakg jQfhao Tyq lsisfia;a n,d‍fmdfrd;a;= fkdjQ wdldrhgh'

l%s'j' 1892 § ,kavkfha fvmaÜ*¾â kqjr jQ È<s÷ ksjdihlg ^È<skaoka Wfoid mj;ajdf.k hkq ,enQ fun÷ È<s÷ ksjdio úlafgdaßhdkq hq.fha ;j;a tla m%lg wx.hla úh' rcfha úhoñka mj;ajdf.k hkq ,enQ fïjdfha jd;djrKh lsisfia;au Ôj;aùug iqÿiq uÜgulska ;snqfKa ke;& meñKs l=,j;a fmkqulska hq;= ldka;djl úuid isáfha cela uelaflkdh' WK frda.fhka mSä;j urKdikakj je;sÍ isá uelaflkdf.a ihkh mduq, oKska jegqKq tlS ldka;dj Tyqf.ka iudj wheo isáfha Tyqg msgqmd Tyqf.a ñ;=rd iu. mekhdfï jrogh' tod le,sf*dakshdjg m,d .sh ìßh fuod fuf,i meñK ;snqfKa ish fojk ieñhd ñh.sh neúka ;uka w;yer wd m<uq ieñhdg ;udf.ka isÿjQ jrog jkaÈ f.ùu msKsihs' le,sf*dakshdfõ rka wdlr l¾udka;fhka Okj;aj isá uelaflkdf.a ìßh" ish urKdikak ieñhdg wem Wmia:dk fldg Tyqj iqj lsÍug iu;a jqjo" tu i;al%shdfõ§ ;udgo je<÷Kq WK frda.fhka iqjh ,eìug jdikdjka; jQfha ke;' wjidkfha§ weh ñh.sfha ish ysgmq ieñhdg ish wjika leu;s m;%fhka ;ud i;= iïmQ¾K j;aluu mjrd foñks'
isr ueÈßhl CfmdÆ w;ßka isÿ jQ újdyhla
oywg yeúßÈ ‘fud,S vjqkaia’ yd wef.a fmïj;d jQ ‘f–ïia *jqkaÜfrdahs‘ w;r újdyh isÿjQfha ldg;a fydr ryfia uOHu rd;%shl§ nkaOkd.drhl CfmdÆ w;ßks' ish fidfydhqrdf.a lru; ke.S isrueÈßfha CfmdÆ w;ßka ish fmïj;df.a w; .ksñka isÿflrekq fuu újdyh mQclfhl=o iyNd.s;ajfhka ueÈhï /fha§ id¾:lj isÿflßKs' tfia wmrdOlre yd újdyùu fu;rï läkñka isÿlsÍug uq,ajQfha" Tyqf.a kS;Hkql+, ìßh njg m;aùu u.ska wmrdOh isheiska ÿgq tlu idlaIsldßh jk fuda,s vjqkaia yg ish ieñhd jk ú;a;slreg tfrysj idlaIs §ug fkdyels jk ksidhs' wmrdOh isÿùug uq,ajQfhao ;=reKq fuda,s vjqkaiah' weh flfrys yo ne|.;a ;reKhka fofokd w;ßka" fuda,sf.a wdorh Èkd .ekSug jdikdjka; jk ,oafoa f–ïia *jqkaÜfrdahs muKla jk w;r" ish fmïj;sh flfrys ;fjll= yeÛSï o,ajdf.k isákq oelSug ßis fkdjQ f–ïia ish m%;sjdÈhd ure ;=re,g heùug ;rï ieyeis ù ;sìKs'
u< isrerla yd újdy jQ fma%ujka;fhla
l%s'j' 1881 § wefußldfõ *af,dßvd m%dka;fha isÿjQ fuu újdyh Åfockl f,i wjika jk ,oafoa ukd,shf.a wjux.,Hfhks' ism je<|.ekSï fyda uOqiuh i|yd msg;aj hdula fyda isÿfkdjqkq fuu widudkH újdyh isÿjQfha hqgd m%foaYfha úiQ rgf;dg ixpdrfha ksheÆKq fjf<kafol= jQ n%eâ,s yd Tyqf.a yo ÈkQ ukd,shf.a u< isrer w;rh' n%eâ,sg u< isrerla yd újdym;a ùug isÿjQ isoaêh msgqmi we;af;a ÅfokSh l:djls'
È.= l,la isysk ÿgq wkd.; iyldßh n%eâ,sg yuqjk ,oafoa Tyq úfoaY m¾hdgkfha fhÿKq wjia:djl§hs' kuq;a ffojfha l=ßre iroulg fuka ta jk úg;a laIh frda.fhka fmf<ñka isá weh isáfha urKdikak ;;a;ajhlh' ffojhg ish isysk Wÿrd .ekSug bv fkdÈh hq;=h hk m%;sm;a;sfha oeäj t,an .;a n%eâ,s ish is;a.;a ;reKshg ish fhdackdj bÈßm;a l< w;r wEo th ms<s.;a;dh' újdyh läkñka isÿlsÍug ish,a, iQodkï flreKo ffojh Bg yria jQfha újdyh isÿùug fmrd;=j ;reKsh frda.h W;aikak ù ure ;=re,g hjñks' tjka fõokdnr brKulg m;ajqjo ffojh yuqfõ lsisfia;a mrdch fkdjkafkñh hk ;SrKh fjkia fkdl< n%eâ,s ish fmïj;sh yd újdy fkdù wehj lsisfia;a ñysoka fkdlrk njg m%;s{d ÿka w;r ‍fmdfrdkaÿ m%ldrj foajia:dkfha meje;s pdï W;aijhl§ ñh.sh ;reKsh yd n%eâ,s kS;Hkql+,j újdyl hqj<la f,i m%ldYhg m;aflßks'
úreoaO mdlaIsl
wdl¾IKh
újdyh i|yd;a" fma%uh i|yd;a foay m%udKh lsisfia;a n,fkdmdk neõ l%shdfjka Tmamq lr fmkajQ hqj<la jkafka úlafgdaßhdkq hq.fha úiQ fyâ,s hqj<hs' l%s'j' 1891 § ijq;a IS,aâiays meje;s újdy W;aijhl§ újdym;a jQ ukd,shf.a Wi wÛ,a ;siafolla jQ w;r ukd,hdf.a Wi wä yhla úh' W;aijh i|yd iyNd.s jQ msßio widudkH wdldrfha mqoa.,hkaf.ka iukaú; úh' we;efula fhdaOhka" wÛqgqñÜgkao jQ w;r" ‘.sks /ðk’ f,i m%lg jQ .skaor iu. oialï olajkakshlo ta w;r úh' újdy W;aijh isÿjQfha tl, ixpdrl i¾lia lKavdhulh'
ìßh fjkafoaisfha úls”u msKsihs
wdorh ó meKs fuka ñysß hehs mejiqjo újdyfhka miqj ld,h blauh;au" l,l§ ñysß jQ tu wdorh Ôú;fha iem ÿl uOHfha úhelS hdu wo fukau tod úlafgdaßhdkq iudcfhao iq,n isÿùula úh' kuq;a wo fuka Èlalidohlska újdyh lgq.d oeóula tl, isÿ fkdjQfha Bg jvd ir, l%u Tiafia újdyhlska ksoyia ùug úlafgdaßhdkqjkag wjir ;snQ ksihs' ,ekalIh¾
m%foaYfha úiQ tla;rd Okj;a mqoa.,fhl= ish w;Dma;slr újdy Èúhg iuq§ug f;dard .;af;ao tu kS;s ksfhda.j,ska f;drjQ tl, iïm%odfha ms<sfj;ls' ta ish ìßh m%isoaêfha fjkafoais lsÍuhs' fjkafoaish meje;afjk ,oafoao Tjqkaf.au ksjfia jk w;r" by<u ,kaiqj bÈßm;a jk ,oafoa Y; y;rlgh' tao Tjqkaf.a wi,ajeishdf.ks' ish orejka ;sfokdo .ekqïlreg mdßf;daIslhla f,i ,nd§ug ieñhdg wjYH jqjo th ldreKslj m%;slafIam
úKs' ieñhd fiau ìßho újdyhg iuq§fï tlfia oeä wjYH;djfhka fm<S we;s nj ldg;a fmkS .sfha" lsisÿ úfhda ÿllska f;drj m%S;sfhka bmsf,ñka ish kj iajdñhdf.a ksjig ìßh .sh ksidhs'
újdyh ke;fyd;a urKh
yeï,ska 1893 § uev.ialrh n,d meñfKk ,oafoa Wvjeähd u,a fidhd ñi wdorh fidhñka fkdfõ' m%foaYfha .ïuq,doEkshdf.a fidfydhqrd ish ud¾f.damfoaYlhd fldg .ksñka uev.ialrfha ksj¾;k f;;a jkdka;rhlg Wvjeähd u,a fidhd .fõIKhlg msg;ajQ yeï,skag wdmiq meñ”ug isÿjQfha ysia w;ska ;ksjuh' .ïuq,doEkshdf.a fidfydhqrd jkdka;rfha§ reÿre jk if;l=f.a m%ydrhg ,laj ñheÿKq nj weiQ .ïuq,doEkshd ;rfhau lshd isáfha" ish fidfydhqrdf.a jekaoUqjf.a Ndrldr;ajh yeï,ska úiska Ndr.; hq;= njhs' tfia;a ke;skï Tyqj urKhg lemlsÍug isÿjk njhs' úl,am fol w;ßka tlla f;dard .ekSug yeï,ska yg lsisfia;a wmyiq jQfha ke;' ñh hkjdg jvd jekaoUqjla fyda irK mdjdf.k Ôj;aùug ,eìu fhfylehs is;+ yeï,ska Bg tlÛ úh' tfy;a ta tla fldkafoaishlg hg;ajh' W.% Wvjeähd u,a f,da,sfhl= jQ yeï,skaf.a tlu b,a,Su jQfha .ïuq,doEkshdf.a n, m%foaYh Wvjeähd m%fNao fidhd .fõIKfha kshef<k ;udjkajQ fiiq hqfrdamShhkag ;ykï l,dmhla njg m;al< hq;= njhs'
Wmydid;aul fma%uhla
Åfodka;hla yd m%yikhla w;r we;af;a kQ,l mr;rhlska hq;= fjkila muKla nj lshefjk wmQre isÿùula l%s'j' 1888 § nqvdfmaiaÜ kqjr§ isÿúh' fma%ufhka wd;=r jQ ;=reKq hqj<la tlaj ishÈú kid.ekSug ;SrKh lrk ,oafoa w{dk ;dreKHfha fkdbjis,su;a Ndjh fya;=fldgf.k újdyùu i|yd ksis jhi t<fUk;=re bjid isàug fkdyels jQ ksihs' ta jk úg fmïj;df.a jhi wjqreÿ ody;la jQ w;r oeßh Tyqg jvd isõ jirlska <dnd, jQjdh' wjika jrg ism je<| tlsfkldg iuq§fuka miqj ishÈú kid.ekSug ;udf.a f;dard.ekSu wkqj oeßh veksHqí .x.djg meks w;r ;reKhd ish msiaf;da,h ish ysig t,a, lr fldld .eiaiSh'
kuq;a ffojh úfgl fl;rï fidamdydid;aulo h;a fujr tys ;SrKh jQfha ure je<| .ekSug ;rï fuu fmïj;=ka hqj< <dnd, jQ njhs' .x.djg mskQ oeßh msyskSfï iQßhl jQ neúka weh is;+ mßÈ .s,S ñh.sfha ke;sjd fiau" ish ysig t,a,fldg f;jrlau fldld .eiaiqjo" tlS wjia:d ;=fka§ mqÿudldr f,i urKfhka .e,ùug Tyq iu;aj ;sìKs' wjidkfha§ fuu ^w& jdikdjka; hqj< h<s;a foudmshka fj; Ndr§ug ‍fmd,Sish mshjr f.k ;sìKs'
ieñhka miafokl= ñysoka l< l;la
úlafgdaßhdkq hq.fha wjika Nd.fha§ jd¾;d jQ fuu isÿùfï jQ widudk;ajh jQfha m%xYfha úiQ fuu wjdikdjka; ldka;djg msgmsgu mia jrlau jekaoUq Ndjhg m;aùug isÿùuhs' weh miajrla újdy jQ w;r tu ieñhka miafokdu wld,fha ureuqjg m;ajQfha ishÈú kid .ekSfuka ùu úfYaI;ajhls' m<uq ieñhd f., je,,d .ekSfukao" fojekakd .sks ;nd .ekSfukao" f;jekakd Èfha .s,Sfukao" isõjekakd yd miajekakdo f., je,,d .ekSfuka ishÈú kid.;a kuqÿ ta lsisÿ urKhla i|yd uq,ajQ fya;= lsisod wkdjrKh jQfha ke;'
m%shka;s reo%s.=