f,dj jgd iroa§ w;=reoka jQ ‘wefu,shd bh¾yd¾Ü’
‘wefu,shd bh¾yd¾Ü’ hkq weußldkq ldka;d .=jka kshuqjßhls' weh .=jka hdkhlska f,dj jgd ießiroa§ th ysáyeáfha w;=reoka jQfha j¾I 1937 cQ,s 2 jeksodh' w;a,dka;sla id.rh yryd ;ksj .=jka hdkhla m%:ujrg mojdf.k .sh ldka;dj jkafkao wehh' meis*sla id.rh uOHfha fyda,akaâ ¥m;a m%foaYfha fuu hdkh ysáyeáfha w;=reokaúh' fndfyda fofkl=f.a woyi jkafka fuysbkaOk wjika ù uqyqog lvd jefgkakg we;s njh' ;j;a woyila jkafka wefu,shd weußldkq ckm;sjrhl= jQ *%Ekala,ska ã rEiafj,aÜ fjkqfjka T;a;= ne,Sfuys ksr; jQ neúka cmkqka úiska w,a,d .kakg we;s njh' ;j;a woyila jkafka hdkh cmdk ¥m;lg lvd jeà wefï,shd tys§ ñh hkakg we;s njh' weh fuu wk;=ßka Ôú;h .,jd.;a nj;a miqj ksõc¾ishg f.dia ku fjkiafldg ryfia Ôj;a jQ njg woyilao we;s w;r msgilaj,hka úiska meyer.;a njg;a we;efula woyia olaj;s'
bx.%Sis ´vhg by< wyfia§ w;=reoka jQ .af,ka ñ,¾f.a hdkh
.af,ka ñ,¾ hkq fojeks f,dal hqo iufha ñ;% yuqod fjkqfjka igka jeÿKq w;s olaI n%s;dkH cd;sl .=jka yuqodjg wh;a kshuqfjls' Tyq fuf,dj Ôj;aj isá wjika rd;%sh f,i igyka jkafka 1944 foieïn¾ 14 jeksodh' ta n%s;dkHfha fnâf*da¾âj,g wh;a ñ,agka w¾kiaÜ ys§h' miqod Tyqg m%xYh n,d mshdir lrkakg kshñ;j ;sìKs' Tyq we;=¿ msßi /.;a hdkh wd¾'ta't*a' ákajqâ f.dúm< NQñfhka msg;aj .sh w;r bx.%Sis ´vhg by< wyfia§ th w;=reoka úh' w;=reoka ùu
ms<sn| bÈßm;a jQ tla u;hla jQfha ;ks txðula iys; fuu hdkfha we;s jQ .skakla ksid lvd jefgkakg we;s njh' c¾ukshg wh;a mqj;am;lska mejeiqfKa Tyq m%xYhg .sh nj;a tys .Ksld ksjdihl§ yDohdndOhlska ñh.sh neúka tu isÿùu n%s;dkH jika lrk nj;ah'
n¾ñhqvd ;%sfldaKfha wìryi Wm; ,nñka w;=reoka jQ .=jka hdkd
1945 foieïn¾ 5 jeksod j¾;udk n¾ñhqvd ;%sfldaKhg by<ska jQ wyfia§ .=jkahdkd yhla ysáyeáfha w;=reoka úh' n¾ñhqvd ;%sfldaKfha wìryia l;kaorho ta iu.u Wm; ,enqfõh' olaI m<mqreÿ .=jka kshuqjl= jQ pd¾,aia fÜ,¾f.a uQ,sl;ajfhka mqyqKq ùfï .=jka ießhla i|yd fuu hdkd yh *af,dßvdfõ f*da¾Ü f,da¾vfâ,a fj;ska wyig ke.=Ks' meh tlyudrlg muK miq kshuqjka jd¾;d lf<a ;u .uka ud¾.h ysáyeáfha fjkia jQ nj;a my<ska we;s lsisÿ NQñ ,laIKhla y÷kd.kakg yelshdjla fkdue;s nj;ah' fÜ,¾ jeäÿrg;a mjid ;snqfKa ;u ud,sud hka;%h ksje/Èj l%shd fkdlrk njh' .=jka hdkd fufyhqï l=áfha ld¾h uKav,h fldf;la W;aiy .;ao fuu hdkd msysá LKavdxlhka fidhd .kakg yelshdjla ,enqfKa ke;' ld,.=Kho whym;a jQ w;r hdkd ish,a,u uqyqog lvd jefgkakg we;ehs wkqudk flßKs'
;j;a lk.dgqodhl isÿùula jkafka fuu hdkd w;=reoka ùu ms<sn| fidhd n,kakg msg;aj .sh hdkho w;=reoka ùuh' tu hdkh rd;%S 7'30g msg;aj f.dia ;snQ w;r kej; thska lsisÿ mKsjqvhla ,enqfKa ke;' tys isá 13 fofkl=f.ka hqla; ld¾h uKav,ho ñh.sh njg iel flf¾'
iagd¾ viaÜ hdkh iy wNsryia fuda¾ia fla;
,ekaleiag¾ j¾.fha fndaïn fy<Sfï hdkd udÈ,shg wh;a idudkH u.S .=jka hdkhla jQ ‘ì'tia'ta'ta' iagd¾ viaÜ’ wd¾ckaákdfõ nqjfkda¾ia wh¾ia isg Ö,sfha ika;shdf.da n,d mshdir lrñka ;sìh§ w;=reoka úh' tu w;=reokaùu;a iu. wNsryia /ila f,dj yuqfõ b;sß úh'
fuu .=jka hdkh wh;aj ;snqfKa n%sáia ijq;a wefußld thd¾fõia iud.ug jQ w;r tys meojQfha m<mqreÿ
.=jka yuqod kshuqjl= jQ frðfkda,aÜ l=lah' Tyq 1947 wf.daia;= 2 jeksod
m'j' 1'46g nqjfkda¾ia wh¾ia flfrka msg;aj wka§ia l÷ u;ska
hdkh Odjkh fldg we;' hdkh .ukdka;hg <Ûd fkdjQ uq;a th w;=reoka jkakg fmr tys isá .=jka úÿ,s ix{d fufyhjkakd fuda¾ia fla;hlska mKsjqvhla tjd ;sìKs' tys bBÊõÉÊÅ f,i igyka úh'
.=jka hdkhg isÿjQfha l=ulao hkak iy fuu fuda¾ia ix{dfjys wre; ms<sn| jir .Kkdjla ;siafia úúO mqoa.,fhda úúO u; bÈßm;a l<y' we;eful= mejeiqfõ th msgilaj, hdkhl m%ydrhlg ,la jQ njh' tys .uka.;a u.shl= i;=j ;snQ rdcH ;dka;%sl ,shlsheú,s úkdY lsÍfï wruqKska hful= úiska fuh mqmqrejd yeÍ njgo u;hla o m<úh'
jvd;a ms<s.; yels u;hla jQfha fuu hdkh w;ajer§ulska isria ysu lafIa;%hla wi,ska .uka lroa§ we;s jQ ysu kdhhdulg wiqj lvd jeà uq¿ hdkhu ysfuka jeiS hkakg we;s njh'
jir 5la .; jk ;=re o iagd¾ viaÜ hdkh fidhd.; fkdyels úh' wjidkfha th fidhd .kq,enqfha l÷ ;rKh l< wd¾ckaákdkqjka fofokl= úisks' Tjqkg fuys wexðfï fldgia iy frÈ len,s lsysmhla fidhd .kakg yelsúh'
n¾ñhqvd ;%sfldaKfha w;=reoka jQ ‘iagd¾ ghs.¾’
wefidaria ys iekagd udßhdj, isg n¾ñhqvdj olajd .uka .;a
n%sáIa ijq;a wefußld thd¾fõia iud.ug wh;a ‘iagd¾ ghs.¾’ hdkh 1948 ckjdß 30 jeksod yÈisfhau w;=reoka úh' fuu hdkh .=jkg kxjk ,oafoa wêl iq<x iys; wjia:djl jk w;r tys u.Syq 25 fofkl= isáhy' Tjqka w;r fojeks f,dal hqo iufha hqO ùrhl= jQ thd¾ ud¾I,a Y%Su;a wd;¾ fldkska.ayeïo isáfhah' wêl iq<Û fya;=fjka hdkh .uka lf<a fndfyda my<sks' whym;a ld,.=Kh ksid fuu u.S hdkh i|yd u. fmkaùug ,ekaleiag%shdkq hdkhlao bÈßfhka .uka lf<ah'
hdkh yÈisfhau ud¾.fhka bj;g .sh w;r n¾ñhqvdj wi,§ l=Kdgqjlg ueÈúh' tys hyñka bkaOko ;sìKs' wÆhu 4ka miq u. fmkajk hdkh iqrlaIs;j .ukdka;hg meñKho iagd¾ ghs.¾ hdkh meñKsfha ke;'
fuys§ m< jQ woyila jQfha fuh fndfyda my<sska .uka l< neúka m%n, l=Kdgqjlg yiqj fuh uqyqog .idf.k hkakg we;s njh' tfia;a ke;akï Wkak;dxYudkfha jerÈ igyka fya;=fjka fuh id.rh u;g Odjkh lrkakg we;s njh'
*a,hsÜ 191 hdkdj, wìryi
tla;rd wxlhla ksid hï wk;=rla jQfha hehs mejeiqjfyd;a th we;eï úg hful= úys¿jlg .kq we;' kuq;a ta wxlh ksid wk;=re lsysmhlau isÿ jQfha kï tys hïlsis fohla ;sìh yelsh' fï tjeks l;djls'
wefußldkq .=jka .uka b;sydifha ìysiqKq;u wk;=r jd¾;d jkafka 1979 jifrks' ta *a,hsÜ 191 hdkfha wk;=rhs' th Ñldf.da ys ´ ‘fyhd¾ .=jka f;dgqmf<ka wyig kxjd ñks;a;= lsysmhla we;=<; tys isá u.Ska 258 fokd iy ld¾h uKav,fha 13 fokdf.a Ôú; ì,ss .ksñka wk;=rg ,laúh'
*a,hsÜ 191 j¾.fha ;j;a .=jka hdkhl wk;=rla jd¾;d jkafka 1967 jifrks' tlaia ) 15 f,i kï fldg ;snQ th w;ayod ne,Sfï Odjkhl§ wk;=rlg ,laúh' tys§ .=jka kshuqjd ñh.sfhah' wk;=rej 2012 jif¾§ fcÜ í¨ thd¾fõia fiajhg wh;a *a,hsÜ 191l hdkhl kshuqfjla .=jka .uk w;r;=r Wu;=fjka fuka yeisÍ u.shl=f.a myrlEug ,la jQ neúka hdkfha .uk w;ru.§ kj;ajkakg isÿ ù yÈis f.dvnEulg ,laúh'
*a,hsÜ 191 hdkd iïnkaOj fun÷ wìryia fndfyda mj;S
iagd¾ taßh,a hdkh w;=reoka ùfï wìryi
n%sáIa ijq;a wefußld thd¾fõia iud.ug wh;a ‘iagd¾ taßh,a’ hdkh n¾ñhqvdfõ isg cefuhsldj lrd .uka lrñka ;sìh§ 1949 ckjdß 17 jeksod w;=reoka úh'
fuho l,ska i|yka l< ‘iagd¾ ghs.¾’ hdkh fuka .=jka.; jqfha meyeÈ,s wyia;,hla mj;sk úgh' kuq;a .uka.;a fudfydf;a isg ikaksfõok .egÆj,g ,laúh'
fuh .ukdka;hg <Ûd fkdjQ w;r tys isá u.Ska 25 fokd iy ld¾h uKav,h fiùfï fufyhqula Èh;a l< w;r ckjdß 25 jeksod tu fufyhqu w;yer oukq ,eìKs'
fuu úu¾Ykfha ks.ukh jQfha wk;=rg fya;=j fkdokakd njh' tfia jqjo n%sáIa
ijq;a wefußld thd¾fõia iud.fï ysgmq
wOHlaIjrhl= jQ fvdka fnkÜ mejeiqfõ ‘iagd¾ ghs.¾’ iy ‘iagd¾ taßh,a’ hdkd fojeks f,dal hqoaOhg iïnkaO lvdlmam,alrejl=f.a l=uka;%Khl m%;sM, f,i úkdY jQ njh'
Tyq ;jÿrg;a mjid isáfha tjlg isá w.ue;s laf,ukaÜ weÜ,s fuu hdkd ms<sn| úu¾Yk kj;d ouk f,i fm!oa.,slju úOdk ÿka njh'
*a,hsÜ 571 ) wka§ia wk;=r
Wre.=fõ rdcHhg wh;a .=jka yuqod hdkhlska 45 fofkl=f.ka hqla; msßila m%jdykh lrñka ;sìKs' fuu msßi w;r fudkaáùäfhdajg wh;a r.aì lKavdhulao isáhy' fuu hdkh whym;a ld,.=Kh ksid wka§ia l÷ w;r wk;=rg ,laúh'
fuys§ hdkfha .uka.;a u.Ska 45 fokdf.ka 12 fofkl= Ôú;laIhg m;aúh' bkamiqj .; jQ Èk lsysmfha§ ;j;a 6 fofkl= ñh .sfhah' ;j;a Èk lsysmhla we;=<; isÿ jQ ysu kdh hdula ksid hdkfha iqkanqka w;r /ljrKfhys isá 8 fofkl= ure uqjg m;aúh' b;sß 16 fokd l=i.sks ksjd .ksñka Ôú; wdrlaId lr.kq jia ñh.sh u.Skaf.a udxY wkqNj l<y'
wk;=ßka Èk 72la f.ù hk ;=re fudjqkaj fidhd.; fkdyels úh' u.Ska fofokl= Èk oyhla ;siafia l÷ YsLr ueÈka Woõ fidhd .uka l<y' wjidkfha Tjqkag Ñ,S cd;sl fjf<kaol= yuqúh' Tyq fudjqkag wdydr § n,OdÍkag
fï nj okajd heùh'
fuu isÿùu wkqiaurKh lrñka 1993 § ‘t,hsõ’
kñka Ñ;%mghlao ks¾udKh flßKs'
Bðma;= thd¾ *a,hsÜ 990 wk;=r
Bðma;=jg wh;a ‘thd¾ *a,hsÜ 990’ wk;=r jgd wìryia isÿùï lsysmhlau mj;S' th 1999 Tlaf;dan¾ 31 jeksod wefußld tlai;a ckmofha fcdaka t*a' flkä .=jka f;dgqm<ska lhsfrda n,d .uka weröh'
fndahsx 767 hdkhla jQ fuh ueipqfiÜia m%dka;hg ol=Kska w;a,dka;sla id.rfha§ u.Ska 217 fofokd iy ld¾h uKav,h iu. wk;=rg ,laúh'
fuys iyh kshuqjd jQ .eñfh,a t,a ) nfgdjqá tu hdkfhau .=jka fiaúldjl iu. ,sx.sl weiqrla meje;aùu ksid oeä wjjdohlg ,la ùula fuu .uk wdrïNhg wdikak wjia:djl isÿúh'
.=jka fiajfha kshuq lKavdhfï m%OdkS ydf;ï reIaä" t,a ) nfgdjqá g mejeiqfõ ‘fïl Tfyaf.a wka;su .=jka .uk lshdh' thg ms<s;=r f,i t,a) nfgdjqá mejeiqfha ‘Tfyaf.a wka;su .=jka .uk;a fïl ;uhs‘ hkqfjks'
miqj m%Odk kshuqjd kdk ldurhg hdu msKsi ish wiqkska bj;ajqKq w;r t,a ) nfgdjqá fiñka ‘uu foúhka .ek úYajdih ;nñ' hkqfjka mjikq má.; lsÍfï hka;%fha igyka ù ;sìKs' Tyq tfia mjid iajhxl%Sh kshuq l%shdj,sfhys meje;s hdkh bka uqod th ihqr foig Odjkh jkakg i,iajd we;'
.=jka hdkh my<g .uka lrk w;f¾ lsysm j;djlau Tyq fuh mjid we;' m%Odk kshuqjd h<s kshuq l=áhg meñKsho hdkh uy ihqrg weo jeàfuka j<lajd .kakg Tyqg yelshdjla ,eì ke;'
tlai;a ckmo cd;sl m%jdyk iqrlaIs;;d uKav,h ks.ukh lf<a fuu wk;=r t,a ) nfgdjqáf.a l%shdj ksid isÿ jQjla njh'
m%xYhg wh;a *a,hsÜ 447 wk;=r
2009 j¾Ifha§ n%iS,fha ßfhda ä cekhsfrda isg meÍish olajd u.Ska 288la o /f.k .uka lrñka ;snq fuu .=jka hdkh w;a,dka;sla id.rhg by< wyfia§ w;=reoka úh'
fï w;=reokaùu ms<sn| l< úu¾Ykfha wjika jd¾;dfõ i|yka jQfha hdkfha k, ;=< whsia leg isrùu ksid iajhxl%Sh kshuq l%shdj,sh ì| jeà fuh wk;=rg ,la jQ njh'
fuys ld¾h uKav,h jro ksje/È lr .kakg W;aidy ord we;s w;r th jH¾:ùfï m%;sM,hla f,i hdkh uqyqog lvd jeà ;sfí' wk;=ßka miqj f.jqKq udi lsysmfha§ u< isrere 50la fidhd .kakg yelsúh' ;j;a u< isrere 104la iu. fuu hdkhg wh;a l¿ fmÜáh 2011 uehs udifha§ fidhd .kakg yelsúh' u.Ska 74 fofkl=f.a u< isrere uff;la yuq ù ke;'
ksrxcka pdñkao
lreKd;s,l
